A Short History of Debt as Applied to Our Current Situation

Michael Hudson, President of The Institute for the Study of Long-Term Economic Trends and Distinguished Research Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, has written a remarkably perceptive essay on the history of debtor-creditor relationships and forms of government, applying them to what is happening here in the U.S. and in Europe. His conclusion:

Democracy involves subordinating financial dynamics to serve economic balance and growth – and taxing rentier income or keeping basic monopolies in the public domain. Untaxing or privatizing property income “frees” it to be pledged to the banks, to be capitalized into larger loans. Financed by debt leveraging, asset-price inflation increases rentier wealth while indebting the economy at large. The economy shrinks, falling into negative equity.

The financial sector has gained sufficient influence to use such emergencies as an opportunity to convince governments that that the economy will collapse they it do not “save the banks.” In practice this means consolidating their control over policy, which they use in ways that further polarize economies. The basic model is what occurred in ancient Rome, moving from democracy to oligarchy. In fact, giving priority to bankers and leaving economic planning to be dictated by the EU, ECB and IMF threatens to strip the nation-state of the power to coin or print money and levy taxes.

The entire article is well worth reading: Debt and Democracy: Has the Link been Broken?

Also, you can read on Hudson’s web site the full version of the article, which appeared in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on December 6, 2011
The article recalls Thomas Cahill’s recounting of the last years of the Roman Empire in How the Irish Saved Civilization (Hinges of History). The nobility of the empire—the 1% of that time—acquired larger and larger landholdings and personal wealth, but were able by their political power to exempt themselves from paying any taxes, the burden of which increasingly fell upon a diminishing middle class and growing underclass. Things became so bad that for the first time the emperor promulgated laws forbidding infanticide, as parents became increasingly unwilling to subject their children to such a miserable life. In the early Fifth Century, when the barbarians broke through the Roman legions guarding the Rhine, they experienced little resistance from a population that simply didn’t care, that couldn’t imagine that the Germans could possibly be any more oppressive than their Roman masters.

Hudson’s analysis uncovers a cyclic process:

Every economy is planned. This traditionally has been the function of government. Relinquishing this role under the slogan of “free markets” leaves it in the hands of banks. Yet the planning privilege of credit creation and allocation turns out to be even more centralized than that of elected public officials. And to make matters worse, the financial time frame is short-term hit-and-run, ending up as asset stripping. By seeking their own gains, the banks tend to destroy the economy. The surplus ends up being consumed by interest and other financial charges, leaving no revenue for new capital investment or basic social spending.

This is why relinquishing policy control to a creditor class rarely has gone together with economic growth and rising living standards. The tendency for debts to grow faster than the population’s ability to pay has been a basic constant throughout all recorded history. Debts mount up exponentially, absorbing the surplus and reducing much of the population to the equivalent of debt peonage. To restore economic balance, antiquity’s cry for debt cancellation sought what the Bronze Age Near East achieved by royal fiat: to cancel the overgrowth of debts.


It appears that we are experiencing the same process, and probably have passed the tipping point economically and politically. What will happen, however, when the almost inevitable natural disasters caused by global warming come upon us? There will be a mind-boggling disruption of what we call the economy that could sweep everything away, especially the house of cards built with obscene levels of debt. Get ready for a bumpy ride.

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Does the Budget Deficit Have to be Fixed on the Backs of the Middle Class?

Dean Baker has an excellent column on fixing the budget deficit.

I believe, however, that he needs to address the balance-of-payments problem, as well. Other nations—China being the most obvious—are maintaining their employment level by running positive balance-of-payments levels. This has also vastly enriched American corporations, who, with the assistance of low foreign wages and a high dollar, are able to manufacture goods overseas cheaply and sell them to Americans extremely profitably. That policy, however, is destroying our middle class and impoverishing almost all of us not in the top 1%.

Baker has written about the overpriced dollar and the so-called “free trade agreements” as part of the problem, but I haven’t read any discussion about how it relates to the domestic budget deficit. If the current account (balance-of-payments) were perfectly balanced, that is, if we were selling goods overseas equal in value to the ones we purchase from overseas, we would have literally millions of additional jobs in this country, many of them in manufacturing, where wages tend to be decent.

With millions more employed, tax revenues would increase and the budget deficit would not seem so overwhelming.

The foreign trade deficit may seem abstract next to the budget deficit, but its effect on Americans is far greater. One of the reasons that stimulative measures have limited value is the tendency of so much of the stimulus to go overseas, since so much of what we buy comes from overseas.

The only reason that the current account deficit hasn’t already been fixed, I suspect, is due to the fact that corporations and individuals who are profiting the most from the current arrangement possess the political power to squelch any ameliorative actions in Congress or the executive branch. Wall Street depends upon a strong dollar to draw investments from overseas. Virtually all major manufacturers have moved their manufacturing facilities overseas, a process that began in the ‘70s, and accelerated when the Reagan administration actively encouraged offshoring.

Michael Moore, in his latest book, “Here Comes Trouble: Stories from My Life” tells of a meeting of manufacturing executives he attended in Acupulco, while posing as a small auto parts maker from Michigan. With the not-so-tacit blessings of Reagan’s Department of Commerce, he heard them planning to move their factories wholesale overseas to avoid paying decent wages and to escape environmental regulation. The executives were assured that the exportation of manufacturing and the jobs they represented had the full support of the Reagan administration.

That process has continued with a vengeance under NAFTA and other trade agreements that make it profitable to export jobs, rather than goods. No president or Congress has attempted to change any of this, which makes me believe that they are actually comfortable with it. Obama has made little noise about the current account deficit. The Republicans seem to have a pathological obsession with the budget deficit, the reduction of which would bring about a sharp recession (as it did in 1937 under Roosevelt), which would, of course, make the deficit even worse.

It’s hard to be hopeful in the middle of such craziness.

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Bel on the Shoulder - A Parable

I came across this story while cleaning out some folders on my hard drive. it’s a bit anachronistic, in that Governor Kirk Fordice passed away quite a while ago, but it also addresses current affairs. I’m publishing it on the Jackson Progressive site, since it belongs with that collection. Close the tab or window to return.

Read Bel on the Shoulder

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Krugman Nails It

Yesterday’s column by Nobel laureate Paul Krugman: Panic of the Plutocrats
An excerpt:

What’s going on here? The answer, surely, is that Wall Street’s Masters of the Universe realize, deep down, how morally indefensible their position is. They’re not John Galt; they’re not even Steve Jobs. They’re people who got rich by peddling complex financial schemes that, far from delivering clear benefits to the American people, helped push us into a crisis whose aftereffects continue to blight the lives of tens of millions of their fellow citizens.

Yet they have paid no price. Their institutions were bailed out by taxpayers, with few strings attached. They continue to benefit from explicit and implicit federal guarantees — basically, they’re still in a game of heads they win, tails taxpayers lose. And they benefit from tax loopholes that in many cases have people with multimillion-dollar incomes paying lower rates than middle-class families.

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Does "States' Rights" Mean Mississippi Loses the Federal Gravy?

Robert Reich, former secretary of labor, points out that if Rick Perry has his way with the federal budget, the blue states will no longer have to support the red states. Think about that. Mississippi receives $2.02 from the federal government for every dollar it pays to Washington in taxes. Louisiana gets $1.78, Alabama $1.66, and Oklahoma $1.36.

The large blue states, on the other hand, are actually supporting the red states: California gets back 78 cents for every dollar it pays to Washington, New York 79 cents, and Massachusetts 82 cents.

My own state, Mississippi, the biggest freeloader of all, seems to be one of the most eager to balance the budget with painful benefit cuts to the less-fortunate, and at the rate we are going down that path, we may just get what we think we want.

Go on and bite the hand!

But read this first:

Robert Reich: Rick Perry's Secret Plan to Save Blue States from the Red States

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What's Happing to Medical Insurance and Why We are Being Scammed

The economy has doubled in size over the past 30 years, but somehow, the conservative movement has managed to convince a substantial number of citizens and their representatives that public benefits, like social security, medicare and medicaid are no longer affordable by a government that is strapped to pay its debt.

These are lies, pure and simple. The conservative plutocracy has bitterly resisted any benefit that went to the bottom 90% of the people of this nation and done everything in its power to make the vast majority of U. S. citizens insecure, deeply in debt, and beholden to the whims of employers for their very survival. They want the elderly to move in with their children when they no longer can work and then die early for lack of decent medical care - to “reduce the surplus population,” as Ebeneezer Scrooge would say.

Let me put it plainly: modern American conservatism is dishonest and corrupt to the core. There is no truth in it. Conservative leaders are worse that con-men; their thievery is on a far more colossal scale, because they aim to impoverish just about everyone except the extremely wealthy and powerful. Once they have accomplished that, they will blame the losers in this class war for not working hard enough.

On such a pessimistic note, a recent article by Shamus Cooke on the website of the
Centre for Global Research is worth reading for the insight into what the power elite is planning for the future delivery of medical care in the United States:

America's Great Health Care Takeaway

The article concludes:

The above health care policies are the natural result of a health care system based on the principles of private profit. Corporate profits demand that companies provide the least amount of health care services at a minimal cost. From this vantage point, health care is a commodity that is bought by those who can afford it, instead of it being the human right of every person, as the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts. Europe has already proved that a nationwide, single payer system is vastly superior when it comes to quality, cost, availability, and results.

The single payer system did not come into existence from the benevolence of kind governments, but from the demands of people in the street. Organized workers must fight to maintain their benefits; unorganized workers must organize to fight for better insurance; and older workers/retirees must fight to maintain and expand Medicare. The logical end to such struggles would be to demand a Medicare For All system, financed by taxing the wealthy and corporations.

Read and ponder. Then act.
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They Thought They Were Free

The University of Chicago Press has an excerpt from Milton Mayer’s 1955 book, They Thought They Were Free - The Germans 1933-45, on its web site. Mayer’s writing is something to ponder in the wake of so many diminishments of our liberties in the name of the Cold War, the Drug War and the War on Terror.

"To live in this process is absolutely not to be able to notice it—please try to believe me—unless one has a much greater degree of political awareness, acuity, than most of us had ever had occasion to develop. Each step was so small, so inconsequential, so well explained or, on occasion, ‘regretted,’ that, unless one were detached from the whole process from the beginning, unless one understood what the whole thing was in principle, what all these ‘little measures’ that no ‘patriotic German’ could resent must some day lead to, one no more saw it developing from day to day than a farmer in his field sees the corn growing. One day it is over his head.”


But Then It Was Too Late, pages 166-173 of They Thought They Were Free: The Germans, 1933-45

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Fukushima Meltdown Gets Worse and Worse

It now appears that the meltdown of the reactors at Fukushima has reached the stage that the molten nuclear core has burned through the concrete containers at the bottom of at least one reactor and has reached ground water. According to an unidentified plant employee, massive steam is coming out of cracks in the ground. There is hardly any question that the meltdown is out of control. The radiation levels at the site have become lethal and with radioactive steam erupting out of the ground into the atmosphere, the danger to the health of people nearby (and quite a bit further away) is serious.

Dr. Tatsuhikn Kodama of the Radioisotope Center, University of Tokyo, recently stated to the Japanese Parliament that the total amount of leakage from the site is already about 29.6 times the amount of contamination caused by the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

Tokyo Electric Power Company remains mostly silent in the face of a disaster that it is helpless to remedy. The mass media have all but ignored the news coming out of Japan.

See also:

Dahr Jamail: Fukushima Radiation Alarms Doctors

TEPCO Releases Rare Video From Inside Fukushima Daiichi (This one seems to me to be a Japanese version of “Industry on Parade”)

Former U.S. envoy critical of Japan's nuclear crisis response

TVA Commits to Nuclear Energy


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Issa Subpoenas Internal NLRB Documents in the Middle of Litigation

According to In These Times, House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Darrell Issa (R-CA) has issued a subpoena to the National Labor Relations Board for internal Commission documents dealing with its ongoing action against Boeing. A subpoena issued in the middle of litigation for materials that the judge denied to Boeing clearly constitutes an interference in the commission’s work, as it would reveal the government’s legal strategy in an ongoing case.

Could it be that Issa wants to make sure that Boeing has access to materials that the judge denied it? Imagine the howl that would have arisen if the committee had subpoenaed documents revealing Boeing’s legal strategy. Apparently these modern Republicans will stop at nothing to get their way, which in this case means crushing a labor union. Boeing recently moved its corporate headquarters to Chicago, a great way to get some distance from the workers that actually make the planes.

Ironically, Issa will be forced to duel with the NLRB over a subpoena after the Bush administration’s precedent of refusing to obey inconvenient subpoenas from committees of the previous Democratically-controlled Congress. Is there a distinction between Democratic and Republican-controlled committees such that only subpoenas from the latter need be obeyed?

Issa Subpoenas NLRB, Solomon Could Face Contempt of Congress Charges

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Why Manufacturing is Important

As you probably know, Mississippi was home to many, many factories, spread out all over the state, most of which we lost to Mexico and parts further south and east about 20 to 25 years ago. Even the non-union wages that most factory workers earned were better than the what they previously earned working on a farm or in convenience stores.

Those jobs disappeared as a result of a high dollar and international trade agreements, like NAFTA. We are poorer because of it in more ways than one.

Economist Dani Rodrick, Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard University, explains why manufacturing is important:

Indeed, the manufacturing sector is also where the world’s middle classes take shape and grow. Without a vibrant manufacturing base, societies tend to divide between rich and poor – those who have access to steady, well-paying jobs, and those whose jobs are less secure and lives more precarious. Manufacturing may ultimately be central to the vigor of a nation’s democracy.

Dani Rodrik: The Manufacturing Imperative

As I have mentioned before, we cannot indefinitely buy manufactured goods from China in exchange for government bonds. We need to be manufacturing goods and selling them at a profit, not pushing money and property around, grabbing a piece each time it passes by, which is basically how the financial system makes money.

Renewing our manufacturing sector will require tax, monetary and fiscal policies that reward manufacturing and discourage the financier and rentier. Today, the incentives run the opposite way and thus encourage highly destructive behavior.

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